NOTES. Digitized byGoogle EEFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONa Kumerals with " G." refer to the authcr*3 Latm Grammar ; with " L, C." or "Lat. Comp.," to hia Introduction to Latin Composition ; with "p.'' or " pp." to pagGs in thia work. In the Diciionary, the Roman numerals in amall capitals refer to the chaptera of the text. The foUowing ahhrevi*- tions alsoocour: abbr. abbreyiation. abl ablative. absol abf>oInte. acc accasative. ac^ adjective. adv adverb. comp comparative. coeJ coDJanction. dat dative. def. defective. dem, demonstrative. dep deponent dict dictionary. dlm diminative. distrlb. . . . . distributive. etc., ei cetera . . and so rorth. f. feminine. flreq. freqaentative. gen. fs^enitive. i.t.,ide8t. . . thatis. imperat .... imperative. impers imper»ouaI. incep inceptive. indecl indeclinable. indef. Indefinite. UxL inflnitive. insep inseparable. inteij iiiteijection. interrog. . . . iuterrogative. intr intiansitive. 1 line. lit. litcrolly. m masculine. n neater. nom. nominative. num. nnmcraL obs obsolete. part participle. pas0 passive. perf. perfect. pl. plural. poBS possessive. prep preposition. pres pret^ent. pron. prononn. Sall Sallust. sc, scUicet . . . namelj, nnderstood. semi-dep. . . . semi-deponent sing. singalar. subj subjunctive. sup saperlative. syn pynonymes. tr. traneitive. T. yerb. Digitized byGoogle N O T E S. INTRODUOTIOK. L. Sbboiub OAmiins, the oonspirator, belonged to a patrieiaii familj whioh had beoome greatljr impoverished. He was, there- fore, the heir to a noble name, bat to no large estates. Unprin- cipled and recklesa, he earljr perverted to the basest nfles the remarkable powers of bodjr and mind with which he had been endowed bj natore. As a zealons partiaan of Snlla, he acted a conspicnons part in the bloodj proecriptions which followed the trinmph of the dictator. Among the victims who perished at his hands was his own brother-in-law, QniDtns Oaecilins. Oatiline held tbe office of praetor in the jear 68 B. 0., was goyemor of Africa in 67, and retnmed to Rome in 66 to canvass for the consnlship, bnt being accnsed of maladministratioD in his proyince, he was compeUed to relinqnish his snit. Baming with rage and nnable to brook disappointment, he at once entered into an alliance with On. Oalpnmias Piso, a joang bat profligate patrician, and P. Autronins Paetns, who, having beeu convicted of bribery, was disquaiified from entering npon the duties of the consulship to which he had been elected. The plan of the con- spirators was to murder the consals on tbe first of January, during the ceremonies of inauguration, after which Oatiline and Autro- nias were to seize the consular power, and Piso to take possession of the Spanish provinces. The execntion of the plan was, how- ever, subseqnently deferred to the fifth of Febmary, when it was fortunately frastrated bj a mistake on the part of Oataline, who gave the signal before his accomplices were ready for action. In Jnne, 64 B. 0., Oatiline resnmed his revolntionary schemes on a larger scale and with renewed energy. Rome at that time fnraished him abundant materials for snch a work in the throngs of laxurioas spendthrif ts, desperate insolvents, and reqkless ad- j Digitized by VjOOQ IC 44 INTRODUCTION. yenturers, who filled her streeta. He soon nnmhered among his aocomplices eleven senators, f our memhers of the eqneatrian order, and several men of position and inflnenoe in the prorincial towns. Thns strengthened, he holdlj presented himself as a oandidate for the oonsnlship, hat defeat awaited him. Marons Gicero the orator and Gaius Antonins were elected consuls, the former hj an over- whehning m^jority. This was a severe disappointment for Oatiline, hut it onlj rendered him more reckless than ever in his revolutionary designs. He had entered npon a desperate game, and he resolved to hazard everything, to win or die. He estahlished tbe headquarters of his movement at Faesnke, in Etruria, nnder the command of Goias Manlius, an inaolvent aad revolutionist, who had served as a centurion under Snlhu He raised money npon his own credit and that of his frienda, collected stores of arms at oonvenient centres in di£Eerent portions of Italj, and endeavored to enlist in his cause tlie desperate and ahandoned of hoth sezes and of all ranks. His andacitj aimed at nothing less than the overthrow of the govemnient. He proposed to seize all the offices of trust and emolument, to cancel dehts, to confiscate the propertj of the rieh, and, in flne, to re§nact the hloody scenes of Sulla's proscriptiona. It was at snch a crisis that, on the first of Jannary in that memorahle year, 63 B. 0., Otcero, the accomplished orator and Bcholar, entered upon the arduons and perilous duties of the con- snlship. A hase and nefarions conspiracj against the govemmeni was rapidlj consummating its work, a hloodj revolntion was im« minent, and even his own colleague in the consnlship, Gains An- tonius, was snpposed to he more or less in sjmpathj with the treasonable movement. Bnt Oioero proved himself equal to the emergency. He secnred the passive co6peration of Antonius by offering, at the outset, to transfer to him the rich provinco of Macedonia at the expirntion of his term of office. He, moreover, opened communication with Quintns Ourins, one of the accom- plices of Oatiline, and, hy means of large promises, engaged him to keep the government informed in regard to all tbe movements of the conspirators. Onrins proved a faithful and trustworthy agent. When the consular election for 62 B. 0. approached, Oatiline, once more a candidate, determined not to suffer another defeat. He accordingly adopted the hold project of mnrdering the pre- aiding consul, and, if need he, the rival candidates. and of carry- Digitized by "LjOOQIC GONSPIRAOY OF OATIUNE. 46 ing the eleotion by foroe of arm& In view of these dangera, the election was deferred nntil tbe twentj-first of October, and, after- ward, until the twenty-eigbth. On tbe twenty-first of that month the aenate assembled to consider the state of tbe nation, and at that aession Oicero, in the presenoe of Catiline, ezpoeed the revolationary deeigns of the conspirators, wherenpon the aenate clotbed the consuls with dictatorial powers for the safetj of the republic. On the twenty-eighth, the comitia met according to appointment ; Cicero appearedin the Campus Martius, ftnrroonded bj a strong body-guard of armed men. Tbe resolute bearing of the consnl and his fprmidable guard so overawed the conspirators that no distnrbance was made. Catiline was again defeated; Decimus Silanus and Lucius Murena were elected oonsuls for the ensuing jear. In the meon time, civil war had abreadj oommenced ; Manlios was in arms against tbe rcpublic On tiie night of the fifth of November, Catiline met tbe most prominent of his partisans at the honse of Marcus Laeca. He announced his pnrpose to join the armj at tbe earliest possible date, as«gned to the leaders their several parts ia the work of tbe conspiracy, and urged upon tbem the importance of taking the life of Cicero. Two of bis agents at once promised to call upon tbe consul the next morning and assassinate him in bis own house; but Cicero, forewarned in regard to tbeir purpose, ref used to admit tbem. On tbe seventh of November, tbe senate met, for greater se- curitj, in tbe Temple of Jupiter Stator, whicb was guarded bjr Boraan knigbts. Catiline, contrary to tbe expectation of all, had tbe effrontery to present himself at the meeting, but no greeting welcomed him to bis accustomed place; the seats in his vicinitjr were instantlj vacated ; the traitor sat alone, an object of scorn and contempt. It was then that Cicero, the consul, giving utter- ance to bis indignation in a torrent of invective, pronounced his Mrst Oration iigainst Catiline, The effect was perfectly electrioal. Catiline was for tbe mo- ment paralyzed, but, qnickly recovering his self-possession and assuming tbe tone of iigured innocence, he implored tbe senate not to trust the base slanders which the consul had lieaped upon him ; Le even ventured upon harsh and abusive language against Cicero, but his voico was at once drownod with cries of *^ Enemy I " " Traitor I " from the whole assembly. That night he left the city. On the following day, the eighth of November, Cicero deliv- Digitized by LjOOQ lC 46 INTRODUCTION. ered his Seeond Oration against Catiline before tbe people in tlid Foram. His object was to justifj the conrse which he had pnr- saed in relation to the conspiracj, to allaj the general excitenient, and to intimidate the conspirators who had not yet left the citj. In the mean time, Oatiline had repaired to the camp of Man- lius, and had assumed the fasces and other insignia of consular power. The senate accordingly declared him an outlaw, ordered new levies of troops, and dispatched able leaders to different parts of the country where danger was apprehended. Cicero was directed to guard the city, and Antonius was appointed to the command of the army destined against Gatiline. Acoording to the plan which Oatiline nnfolded to his associ- ates before his departure, Oethegus was to assassinate the consnl Oicero,'the praetor Lentulus was charged with the general man- agement of the affairs of the conspiracy in the capital, Gabinius and Statilius were to fire the oitj, and, in the midst of the general confusion attendant npon tbe conflagration, the conspirators were to open commnnication with Oatiline. But, while the execution of the bloodj plot was delajed, a deputation from the AUobroges in Gaul virated Bome, to present certain complaints against the proyinoial govemment. Lentulus, taking advantage of their disaffection, endeavored to interest them in the conspiracj, but Oicero finallj succeeded in secnring their codperation, and, seeing that they could be made very nseful to the goyemment, en- couraged them to continue their negotiations with the conspira- tors, and obtain f rom them a written statement of the proposition which they were to make tb their people. The experiment was perfectly successfui. The required statement, bearing the signa- tures of Lentnlus, Oethegus, and Statilius, was readily obtained. The Gallic ambassadors, having finished their work, left Rome on the night of the seoond of Dccember, accompanied by Titus Volturcius, the bearer of dispatches for Oatiline ; but they had proceeded only a short distance beyond the city gate when they fell into tlie hands of an armed force in the employ of the gov- emment. Lentulus, Oethegus, Statilius, and Gabinins, were ar- rested the next moming. Later in the day, the prisoners were ail bronght before the bar of the senate, then assembled in the Temple of Ooncord. The evidence of their guilt was overwhelm- ing, and was finally confirmed by their own confessions. After the acyournment of the senate, Oicero addressed the people on the great events of the «^ajr in his Third Oratimaminst CONSPIRACY OF CATILINB. « Oatiline. The indignation against the oonBpirators beoame al- most nngovemable; execratlona were heaped opon Oatiline; Cicero was the hero of the honr. On the fifth of December, the senate met in the Temple of Concord, to decide the fate of the prisoDera. D. Jnniua 8ilaniia, coDsnl-elect, recommended the punishment of death, but 0. Jnlios Caesar, praetor-elect, objected to capital pnnishment as illegal, and recommended iinprisonment for life. It was in the course of this debate that Cicero prononnced his Il^urth Oratum agaimt CatiUne, The sentence of death was deoreed bj the senate, and executed that very night, nnder the direction of the oonsul faimselfl In the mean time, Oatiline waa in Etmria at the head of a formidable force, where, in the ensuiog spring, he was defeated in a desperate contesti and fell in the thickest of the fight. Digitized byGoogle 48 NOTELfl. CONSPIRACY OP CATIUNE. ANALYSIS. L IsrraoDFCTiow. I.— IV. II. The Chabacteb off CATiLmE. y. IIL Thb Ghabacteb of thb Bomaits ut DiFFEREirT AOES. yi.— XnL rV. THE A8BOOIATE8 OF CATILIirE. XIV. — XVIL V. CATIIJ2rB'8 EABUEB ATTEXPT AT CONSPIBACT. XVUI., XIX» VL THB QBSAT CONSPIBACr. XX.— LXL I. — IV. Introductian. The Powers of Man^ and their prcper Use. The Work ofihe Historian. X 1. Sese ; thc snbject of ffraestare, expresscd for emphasis. Observe that it is also in thc rednplicated form and in an cmphatic position, before Btudent. 2. Ne transeaiit; Ncgatire Parpose. G. 497.~Slleiitlo, in ob- icurity ; lit., in siienee; t. e., withoat being spoken of, withoutdoiug any- thing worthjT of mcntion. 8. Pecora; subject of transeunt, to be snpplted. — Prona, ^re^ iing, inclined downward, bowed to thc ground, while man stands erect. — Ventii oboedlentla, staves toappetite; lit, obeying, etc. 4. Nostra tIs, otir strenffth, in distinction from that of the lowcr 5. Anlml . . . iitlmnrs=animo imperatore, corporc senro magis Qtimur, we employ the mind more as our ruler (lit., the rule or sway of the mind)f the hody as our servant (lit.y ihe serviee ofthe body), G. 421, 1. 6. Alterum — alterum ; t. «., animi imperium — corporis servitium, — Nobls; 0.391. 7. Quo rectlus Tldetur, voherefore it seems so much more proper, Quo may mean, 1) vohereforey i, e,, bccause the mind is thc God-likc part of our nature ; and 2) so much, by so much, t. e., as much as tlic mind is tnperior to tbe body. Hera it seems to unite both meanings. — Vlrlum, ofphysical powers. 8. Vlta Ipsa ; in contrast with memoriam nostri, — Qua firulmur ; G.421,L ,9. Memorlam nostrl, the rememirance ofus. 6. 184, foot-note 3. — Quam mazlme longam, as long as possible; lit, as the lonyeat. G.170,2. 10. Formae slorla, the ybry derivedfrom beauty; lit, the glory efform, — Bluxa, fleeting ; t. e., in its yeiy nature. — FragUls, earily destroyed; i. e., bj a force from without. Digitized by LjOOQ lC BALLU8T'8 catiline. 49 PAOI 11. dara . . . habetar, u a glorum and eUmal poueamon. Ha- 1 fietuTf is posscssed ; t. «., id a possession. 12. Sed, introduces ihe inqniiy whether militaiy lifc is tax exception to the general statement contained in the last two seotenccs. — Vlne . • . procederet; Indirect Qiiestion. G. 529, 1. 13. Magls procederet, depended morefor sueeei»; lit., proeeeded fnorem 14. Inciplas ; O. 620, 1., 2. Obsenrc the forcc of thc pcrson in m» dpioi and eontulueria to dcnote an indefinitc sabjcct. G. 460, 1, note 2. — Consalto, fbcto; G. 414, IV.; 414, IV., uote 3.— Consuluerie; Fo- tential Snbj. G. 518, 2. 15. Utrumqne, eacht the nenter nscd snbstantircly rcfcrrin^ to vie corporie and virtua ammt / the subject of eget. — Indlgens, eget. See Sjn. L. 0. 239. — Altemm ; in apposition with utrumque. 16. AuxUlo; G.414,L 17. Igitur; a common position in Sallnst, thongh in Caesar and Ciccro igitur seldom stands at the beginning of a scntcnce. — Nomen Imperll prlmum, thejirit title ofa ruler; tinpertt=impcratoris. 18. IMversl, with diveree taatee^ or pureuing different eoureee.— Pars, alil ; in partitive apposition with rege». G. 364. 19. Etlam tum, UiU. 20« Sua cuique l>Iace1>ant ; lit , hie own things pleased everg one ; t. e., everj one was pleaaed with his own poasessions. G. 449, 2; 385. — Postea quam ; G. 518, foot-note 2. 21. Cyrus. Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Pcraian Empirc — Ijacedaemonll, Athenienses. Lacedaemon, or Sparta, snd Athens, werc the two lcading states in Grecce. 22. Domlnandl; G. 542, L T.tMitreitoconaider. Tbis is not, howcrcr, entirely sjrnonjmoas 2 with putare. It inTolTca thc Idca not onlj of holding the opinion, bnt also of aeting vpon it. — Gloriam. In rcndering, auppljr «««> which jSallust rcgularly omits withptifofe. 2. In bello . . . posse. Thus was decided tho Tcxed qaestion, magnum certoinen, mentioned in chaptcr 1. 3. Sl valeret, haberent; G. 510. 4. Aequabllius sese haberent, toouid be more vniform; lit, wouldhare themseiveSf ctc. 6. Aliud allo, one thing in one direction, another in another. O. 459, 1. — Mutari ac miscerl omnla; language eapecially applicable to political rcvolutions. 7. Initlo; Abl. of Timc. G. 429. 9. Invasere, hare come upon them. — Fortuna,/Aetrybifime; •'. a., their position and infiacnce. Digitized by LjOOQ lC i>0 KOTES. PAOB 2 10. Ad optlmiiin quemque» to kim who U best ; lit., wery heii mte. 12. Quae . . . arant; a circumlocution for aratiot agriculture;. ihe ploughmg which men do ; i. «., the caltiTation of thc land. Sallust proceeds to show that the virtue animi, so essential to the saccess of rnlcrs, both in war and in pcace, is eqnally important in all thc afbirs oflife. 14. Slcutl peregrlnantes, a$ if traveUing in a foreign land ; t. e^ not at home in life, and so without any appreciation of its dutics and priyileges. 15. Qulbus voluptati. 6. 390. — Anlma. Obserye the signifi- cance of the worcl instead of animtis, implying ihat in these persons the soul is so imperfectly developcd that we are obliged to call it anima rather than animtUm 16. Juxta, equaUy low. 18. Negotlo; Abl. of Means, with inteiitus. 22. Clarum fierl licet, it ia lawfulfor one to become iUuatrioui. 23« Qui, quL The antecedent is muUi. 25. In primis . . . videtur, it aeems especiaUy difficuU, The sub- ject of videtur is rea geataa acribere. 27* Facta . . . exaequanda; lit., ihe deeds mvat be equaUed by the worda; i. e., the style must be worthy of thc subjcct — Quae . . . repre- henderiSi thoae thinga which you have cenaured aafauUa. Supply eo. 28. Dicta, have been ao caUed. Snpply eaae. 29. Ubi memores; Fotential Subj. G. 518, 2.~Quae; Object of puttU. The omitted antecedcnt ea is the objcct of accipit. 30. Sibi facilia factu, eaayfor him io do. G. 391 ; 647. — Snpra ea = quac supra ea sunt, whatever ia above that ; lit., above thoae thinga. 32. Sed ego adulescentulus. Sallust now i-efera briefly to his own political expericnce. Hc was elected quaestor at the age of 27* — Ad rem publicam ; i. e., into political life. 33. Ibique, andin thia ; lit., and there. 34. Audacia, largitlo, avaritla. Obscrve that these worda are not aiTangcd in thc same order as those with which thcy are con- trasted; audacia is the opposite of pudor, largitio of virttts, and avaritia of abatinentia. 35. Quae, theae vicea ; lit., which thingsy refen*ing to audacia, etc. 36. Insolens malarum artium, unacqtMinted wtth evil arta. G» 399. Therc is i-eason to think that Sallust was not at this time a young man of snch artless simplicity and purity as he would haye ns think. — Imbecilla, weak^ yielding, because of his youth. 37. Ambitlone . . . tenebatur, waa held by the aeduetiona of ambition ; lit., corrupted, mialed by ambition. — He ; Emphatic. G. 66L -^Quum dissentirem; Subj. of Concession. G. 515, IIL Digitized byC^oogle BALLUST^S CATILIKE. 51 2. Eadem fama, with ihe «sm# «vil report; Abt of Heuu. 4. Milii ; 6. 388. ~ A re . . . prociil, awayfrcm publie l\f€. 5. Habendam ; suppljr esM. ~ Socordla • . . conterere ; Pred- icate tiiier/uit, of which eoftsUium is subgect. 6. Colendo Intentum. Colendo is probably a Dative depending vpon itUenivm, according to G. 391, thongh it may be an Abl. of Means, like negotio, on tbe preceding page, line 18. InteiUum agrees with me, the omitted subject of agere. The disparaging languagc here applied to agricultural pursuits differs from that which wc find in the works of other Boman writers npon the same snbject. 7« A quo Incepto . . . eodem regressns, kavinfy retumed to tke eame beginning . . ,from whieh. 8. Mala, evil, w^ortunaie, in view of its rcsults. 9. Carptim ut quaeque videbantur, eeleeting euek ae «ee med; lit., eeparately in proporUon as ihey eaeh eeemed, 10. Bo, on thie aeoount ; Abl. of Cause. 11. Partibns rel publlcae, partjf feelinge. Xhe daim of impar- tiality herc made by the historian scems to be just. 13. De . . . paucis absolvam, / will treai of (more lit, vnll dii- patch,finish) . . . infew worde. Paude, Abl. of Manner. 15. Ci^ us hominis ; t. e., of Catiline. 16. Prlus quam fteciam; 6. 520, 1., 2. V. The Character of Catiline. 17. Lucius Catillna. The fhll name was Ludue Sergius CaiUina* For an account of his life, see Introdnction, p. 43. — Genere; G. 415, 11. — Magna vl ; Abl. of Characteristic. G. 419, II. 19. Ingenlo, nature, epirii, charaeter.^^^SHaXo pravoque; malus, had in itee^f, bad by nature; pravus, perverted, depraved, 20. Caedes. Sec Introduction. 21. Grata. For agreement, see 6. 439, 2. ~ Iblque = et in eie, 22. Patlens supra quam, morepatieni fAan.— Inedlae ; G. 399, II. 23. Varius, vereaiile. -- Ci^us rel Uhet^ciijuaHbei rei. 24. AUenl, sul; nscd substantiveljr. For the constmction, ses G.399. 25. Satis, parum ; used substantiyely. Supplj erai. 20. Vastus, ineatiable. 27. Domlnatlonem . . . SuUae. This rcfcrs to the famons dic- tatorship of Lncius Cornolius Snlla, during whose tcrrible proscriptions thousands of Roman citizcns werc put to dcath. SulU was dictator from 82 to 80 B. C. 29. Assequeretur ; Indircct Qnestion. G. 529, 1. — Dum pararet u Digitized by N^OOQlC 52 NOTES. 9 G. 613.— Q^cquam pensl, as a matUr of any imporlanee. Quicqwm^ Predicate AccusatiTe ; penn, Partitiye Gcnitive. G. 373, 1 ; 397, 3. dO. In dies. See Syn. L. C. 399. 32. Quae utraque, bM pf whieh ; i, «., his poTcrty and his sense of guUt 84« Dlversa Inter se, opposedio eaeh of A^.^Vexabant, eorrupted. 96. Res Ipsa, the eubjed iteelf. — Hortati ; sapply m«. 37« Supra repetere, to review the paet. Supra, adTerb of tiinc, formerly, further badb. Bepetere dcpcnds npon hortari, and is used instcad of the more common constmction ut with the Snbj. G. 535, II. — Instltuta. Observe that dieeerere has here four dtfTerent objccts, an Acc, inetiiuta, and three IndirectQuestions, quomodo . • . habuerini,quan' tam reliquerintf and fU . . .faeta sif-^an illnstration of thc zcugma. G. 636, II., I. Translatc, to ireat 6f the inetUuiions . . . and to ehow in what %oay they managed, etc. For the Sabjunctive, scc G. 529, 1. 4 2. Ut, how.^-Kx. pulcherrima,/rom beinq the mott beavtiful; lit, from the moet beatd\ful. VI. — IX. Early Eistory of Home. Character of the JPeople. 5. Urbem . • . TroJanL Notice thc confidcncc with which Sal- lust ascribes the founding of Bome to Aeneas, though his Uinguage im- plics that thcre wcre different opinions upon this point. 6^ Sedibus incertls, withoutjixed abodes; Abl. AbsoL 7« Aborlgines ; connectcd back by que to TrojanL 0. In una moenla, within (lit, inio) the waUe qf a eingle eity. For the plural of una, see G. 175, 1.— Dispari genere, though qf diferent raeee ; lit, with an unequal raee. Abl. of Characteristic. 10. Alii alio more, eome in one way, others in anether; elliptical, lit, othera in another way. 11. Memoratu; G. 547. — Quam . . . coaluerint; Indirect Qucs- tion, subject of est. ^ Res eorum, theiretate. 12. Civibus, moribus, agris; thrce essential conditions of nv tional prospcrity, territory, citizene, and inetitutiona. For thc omission of the.conjunction, see G. 554, 1., 6. 13. Sieuti . . . habentur, eu ia the ease with most things belonging to mortals ; lit, as most things qf mortals are held ; ». e., snbject to envy Mortalium, best cxpUiined aspossessive genitive, not partiHve. 14. Finitimi, probably bclongs both to populi and to reges. G. 564, L 15. Tentare, assailed. Hist Infinitive. G. 536, 1. — • Auxillo ; Dat of the objcct for which. G. 390; 390, note 2. Digitized by LjOOQ lC SALLUST^S CATILINE. 58 FAOI 16. A . . . aberant, iept out qf dai^er, 4 17. Intentl Jtestlnare, iwtent vp&n their itoripre9ted/orward; lit., intent hattened. This scntencc rividly poitrays thc nctivitj and energj of tfae Romans. — Hostlbus ; Dat. depcnding apon oMam ; G. 392, II. 20. Dandls benefictls, by ioing/awre. G. 542, IV., (1). 22. Imperlnm legltlmum, a govemmeni regulated by law, It was a limitcd or constitotional monarcby. -^ Nomett fanperll r e gliu n, IJU name qf tke ruler ikat p/ king ; regiva ^rc^}», Thcir rulcr was caHed king. 23. Delectl . . . consultabant. Acconlinpr to Sallnst, we hare here thc gcrm of the Roman Scnate — a coiincil of old men, qttibus oorpu» annie injlrmum, ingenium oapieniia validum erat. — Coneultabant^eon' eulebanty a rare nse of the word, iUnstrating onr anthor*8 fondness for frcqnentatiTcs. — Qolbuf ; Dat. of Poescssor with erat, 25. Curae slmllltudlne; t. «., their care for the pcoplo rcscmbled a fatber^s care for his childrcn. 26. Conservandae llbertatis Aierat, had tended to preeerve, etc. ; lit, had been o/, ctc. G. 542, 1., notc 2. 28. Immutato more. This change in thc form of grovemment is supposcd to haye been made about 500 B. C. — Blnos Imperatores. Tbey were called at first praetors, afterward coneule, Obscrve the force of thc distributive binoe. Two consuls were elected each year. G. 174, 2. 30. Anlmum; Subject of poife. 81. Coepere qulsque; 6. 461, 3.^Se magls eztoHere, to havo iiigher aepiratione ; lit., io raiee himeelf more, 32. Inpromptu habere, to emphy openfy. — Reglbus; Dat de- pending upon euepectiore», G. 391. 84. Civltas quantum . . . creverlt; Indircct Question, snbjcct of est, — Adepta ; used passively. G. 231, 2. 36. Jani prlmum, now in the /vret place, For the contrast, sce chap. 10. — Belll patlens, able to endure the hardehip» o/ war, G. 399, 11. 6. Se ferire, that he might etrike dovm ; i. e., that he might be the 5 one to do it. Se cxprcssed for cmphasis. — Dum tkceret; G. 529, II. 7. £as, eam ; thie, thie ; t. e., to be thus conspicuous in war. These pronouns are attracted from id. G. 445, 4 and 7. 9. Pecunlae ; G. 399.^Ingentem, honestas ; Prcdicate ac^cctiyes after eeee to be supplied. 10. Possem . . . nl . . . traheret; G. 610.— Maxlmas hostlum coplas. Obsenre the onlcr of the words. G. 665, 2. 14. £a; t. e,,/orttma. 15. Ex, aecording to; lit., out o/, 18. Feruntur, they are repreeented, — Scrlptorum . . . Ingenla ,.,criplore,magnUi»g»m». Digi,izedb,L.OOgle 54 NOTES. FAOB 5 20. Pro maximlfl, as the greateMt, G. 362, 2, note 3.— Ita . . . In- genla. In thui way oar suthor acooants for the fame of Athenian ichievementa. Thcy wcre celebrated in the works of poets and his- torians. 22. Populo fUlt. Rcmember that the Dat of Possessor should be rendcred into Enj^Iish by the Nominativc, the people had. — Copia, op- portunity, adwuUage; •'. e^ of having thcir dceds cclebratcd by gi^eat ' writcrs. 28. Negotlosus, devoted to bunnees, occupied, 25. Beue focta, good deed» ; lit., things weli done, FactOj as a par- ticiple, is modified by the adverb 'bene, but is used substantivcly. 20. Ipse agrees with quUquef tho subject of maieboL — AUorum, thoee of others, governed hjfacta, to bc supplied. 28. Ju8 bonumque, that tchich waa rigkt and good, 29. Natura, from choice ; lit, hg nature, In tliis picture of the virtues of a primitive age, whether true or lalse, Sallust prescnts a sti^iking contrast to the viccs of his own age. 31. De virtute certabant, v»e<i in virtue.—ln. suppliclls de» orum, m the worehip of the gode, with imposing cercmonies and costly sacrifices. 32. Duabus artlbus; viz., audada, aequitate, G. 420. 83. Ubl pax evenerat; opposed to t» 6eUo, and used instead of I» pace. Sallust often employs difierent forms of cxpression in the difier- ent members of a sentence. — Seque remque; a use of qtte not uncom- mon in our author. 34. Curabant, theg govemed, 35. Vindicatum est in eos, punishment was inJUcted upon thoae, . 37. Tardius, too tardiig. G. 444, 1 ; 306. ^Qnam qui, than t^Mm those %cho. 1. liOCO; Abl. of Separation. G. 414. 2. Agitabant, theg administered, 8. Accepta iiduria ; G. 431, 2. — Persequi ; supply eam, referring to ityuria. X.-XIII. The Introdttction of Luawry and Vice at JRome. 5. Nationes, races, tribes. 6. Aemula, the rival. — Ab stirpe Interlit, was utterlg (lit., from the root) destroyed ; i. 0., in the Third Puuic ^Var, 146 B. C. 7. Saevire, to he eruel. Here bcgins the leading portion of the sen- tence ; thc prcccding verbs depend upon M. , Digitized by VjOOQIC SALLUST^S CATIUNfi. 55 8. Misoere omnla, to prothiee gtnerot eomfiuum, 6 9. Els oneii ftiere ; G. 390. 10. Optanda. For ag^ment, see 6. 499, 2. ~ AUas, mder other eireumstaneea. The Bomaiis fouud that prosperity, wealth, and power, thougli desirable in themaelres, inTolred special temptations and perils. 11. E2a, these; t. «., pecwuae eupido and imperii cupido. 13. Artes, traits of eharacter. -— Superblam ; one of the two dv jects ofedoeuiL The Acc. of the person is omitted. G. 374, 1. 14. Deos neglegere; G. 374, 2, note 3, foot-note 4. 15. FalBOS, deeeitfuL — Sabegit, impeUed. 17. Non ex re, etc. ; t. e., not in and of themselvcs, but fW>m the adTantajre to be derived from them. They consulted only pcrsonal inter- est— lHagtoque vultum . . . habere; t. «., to appear good, rather than to be good. 19. Vin6!Lcaxi, u>ere pumshed. G.636, 1. 20. Immutata, ISftCtum ; supply eet with each. 23. Primo maglB ambitio* See primo peeuniae above, Kne 10. The apporent contradiction is explaincd by thc fact that aboTe Snllust is speaking of the growth {erevit) of ayarioe and ambition among the Roman people soon aiter the fall of Cartbage, whilc hei^e he is cousidcring the relative influence of the two dnring the age prcceding the dictatonhip of SuUa. Primo in the two passages rcfcrs to diifcrcot pcriods. 24. Bzercebat, occupied. — it^od tamen vitium . • . erat, whieh, though afauU, wu yet, etc. — Virtutem ; G. 437, 1. 26. Ule, theformer, G. 450, 2. ~ Iluic ; Dat. depending upon deaunt. G. 386, 2. Translatc as if Ate were used as the subjcct of cotUendit ; the iatter becauee, etc. 28. Studium habet, involves the deaire; lit., hae; t. e., has in it- ■elf. 29. Venenis malis, with poiaona, Venenum, originally a druff, a tnedicine, here takcs the cpithet mabim to define its mcaning. 81. SuHa. See note on dominationem Suilae, p. 3, linc 27. — Armis recepta, having hy foree terested. He rcscned the state from the oppres- sion of Marius, bnt aftemard oppressed it hiraself ; in the words of Sal- lust, botna iwtiis mdlos eventus habuit; after having mado a good bcgin- aing, he bronght about (lit, had) evil resnlts. 82. Bonls initUs; Abl. Absolute.— Bapere, trahere, seized, earried off; two expressive words to desigrnate pobbery and rapine. Ob- serve thc force of the Historical Infinitive ; also thc omission of thc con- nective and of the object. 33. Domum alius, alius agros. For arrangement of words, see 6.662. 84. Modum, modcstlam, HmU, modcrafion. ^g. .^^^ ^^ (^OOQ lc 56 N0TE8. 85. Hao accedebat «uod, to this wa» added thsfaei ikai, The ' subject otaeeedebat is the clause, quod • . . molUvera$U, 86. Quo liEMseret; 6. 497; 497, IL, 2.— Fidum; rapplj etcm refer* ring to exereitum, 37. Luxurlose habuerat, had kept in luxury» I. lioca . . . voluptarla; t. «., Asia Minor.— Feroces, warUke» 8« Tabulas plctas, paintings ; lit., painted tablete, 4. Prlvatlmetpublice,^oii»tW«vt<fuaZtaiuf/rom«fo^«. Some tcholars render,/or themeelvee andfor the atate. 6. Nihll reliqui tecere,lefi nothing; lit., made (caased) nothing (to be) of the remainder; t. e., to be lcft ReUqm is Fredicate Gen. ytiihfecere. G.403. 8. Ne illi temperarent, do not thinkj then,that they would, etc, or mueh leaa wouid they, etc. Ne in the sense of nedum. The langua^ is elliptical, and nearly equivalent to ne exietimeejieri potuiaaeut ilU tempera- rent, The general thought is this: If wise men cannot endure pros- perity, much less can lawlcss soldiers be. expected to use Tictoiy with moderation.— IUl; t. e., the soldiers of SuUa.~CorruptlB moribufl; AbL of Characteristic. G. 419, IL ~ Vlctorlae; G. 385, U., l. 10. Glorla . • . potentla. Observe thc aay^ideton* G. 636, 1., 1. — Imperlum, offieef auihority, thc authority of a ruler or commander, more dcfinite \h&n potentia, the «reneral word for power. II. Probro, pro malevolentia; for the Fredicate Nom. G. 862, 2, note 3. — Innocentla pro malevolentla ; t. e., the conduct of those who did uot conform to the corrtipt practices of the agc was imputcd to bad motives — to a want of sympathy with their fellow-citizens. 13. Rapere, consumere. Obsenre the frcqnent use of the Hist Infinitive. Herc the subjcct is a pronoun refcrring to juteniuiem. — Sua parvl pendere, conaidered w/iat they Jtad (sua) aa of Uttle taXue, G. 404, uote 1. 14. Pudorem . . . niliil pcnsi . . . habere. This obscure pas- sagc admits of two intcrpretations ; 1. J£odeetytpurity,ikingadimneand human, without diatinction, they did not value or regard. This intcrpiH!- tation gives promiaeua its usual force, and makes nihil a predicatc Acc. 2. They regarded modeaty, purity, thinga divine and human, as aubjecta of Uttle interest (lit., as indifTercut things), they had no conaideration or mod- eration (lit., nothing of). Upon thc whole, the foi*mer interprctation seems pi*cferable. 10. Operae pretlum est, it ia worth while; lit, ia theprice of the hJbor ; t. «., will pay for the ti-ouble. Thc subject of eet is the clause viaere templa, etc — Domos atque villaa; rcfemng to the magnificent villas of wcalthy Rpmans in thc agc of Sallnst, as thosc of Clodius and Lucullus. Scc Smith's " Dict. of Anti^./' iinc}c^' Uou^s, Digitized byC^oogle SALLUST^S OATILINE. 57 TAQE ' ' TI •In ilrbliim modum, Hke eiHes. -^Temph^ These tomplei 7 were less magnificeut and costly thiui some of the TilUu just mcDtioned. 18« Reli^oslMlml mortales, though the most reUgiouM of men, 19. lUl, they, oor ftncestora» remote in time. G. 460, 1.— Gloria; t. e., with the gloiy of their own dceds. 20. Vlctls ; 6. 386, 2. — Injariae Ucentlam, thepower to iiyure* They did not nttcrl^ destroy their enemics, but simply rcndercd them ^armless. 22. Omnia ea socUb, etc, ; t. «., we treat our allies worso than onr fathers trcated their yanquished enemies. 28. Proinde quaai, Jfia^ m t/. — Id demnm, that in thort. Id, in apposition witli if^ttriamfacere, is inserted for emphasis. 24. Esset; -G. 513, IL— Imperio utl; Prcdicate after eetet, O. 639, L; 421, L 25. Quid memorem, wky ahotOd I mentionf O. 485 — EIb, nemini; dependent upon 6re<{t&tiiui. 26. SubTersos; referring cspecially to the dike cut by Lncnllna through the hill near Baiae, to admit the water from the sea into hia fish-ponds. 27. Constrata, huHt over ; t. «., with piers extcnding into them. — liudibrio, a euhfeetfor eport, G. 390. 28. Qnas, the weaUh whieh, — Habere, to et^oy, 30. Cultua, reJSnementt of ieneuai indulgence.^Tem^ mariqne; O. 425, II., 2. 83. Luxu antecapere, anticipated hy induigenee. — Haec, thee^ thinge ; t. e., the habits of Inxury just mentioned. 35. Haud CacUe carebat, wae not eaeilyfreedfrom. 36. Eo profUsius, the more exceeeicely on that account, XIV. -XVn. 77ie Associates of Catiline. 1. Id quod erat, whieh wae, G, 445, 7. 8 2. Flagitiorum, o^tn/amous^iersons; lit, of infamoue acts; the crime for the criroinal by metonymy. 4. Bona patria laceraverat, had aquandered his patrimony ; lit, patemaX gooda. 5. Quo . . . redimeret, that he might purehaee impunityfor, etc.; »\ e,, by settling with the i^jureil parties or b}' bribing the jndge. 8. Ad hoc, moreover; liL, to thie ; t. e., in addition to it. — 3Ianus Unipia perjuria . . . sang^ine clvlU; contrasted graups in an iuTcrted ordcr, the hand hy the blood of citizens; i, e,, by murder; the tongue by pejyury, 10. Conscius tadmuB, a guiUy conecience, ( r\r^rf]o ' ' ' Digitized by VjOOQ IC 58 NOTES. PAQI 8 Tbis spiritod description of the companioiis of CatiliBe li Teiy nmiln to a passage on the same subject inCicero'8 Second Oration againstCatiliney chap. 4. 13. Par slmlllsque, preeUely Uke, — Par, egueU in guanHiy ; siml* lls, (Uike in quaUty. Thus par nmilisqtte eeteris means Uke tAe reMt in the extent and qttaUty of hia wickedness* 14. MoUes . . . fluxl, tender andpUahle beeauae of their youth. 16. Ut . . . studium . . . flagrabat ; t. «., according to the desire of each one. — Praebere, Ke (Catiline) fumiehed; t. e., he pandered to the passions of those whom he gathered about him. 18. Modestlae, honor, — Obnoxios, eubmiesive. 19. Qui existlmareiit. G. 503, 1.-— Ita; used somewhat redon^ dantly to rcpresent the clause/ur0nfu/«m . . . habuiaee* G. 636, III., 7. 21. Parum honeste habuisse, did notproperly regard. 22. Cuiquam compertum foret, feat known to any one, For Mood, sce G. 516, II., 2. 24. Jam primum, noto in thefirst plase ; a common cxpression in cntcring upon a new topic, especially in passing from gcneral to specific statements. 25. Sacerdote Vestae; Fabia, the sister of Cicero'8 wife, Tcrcntia. Sallust, however, omits the fact that she was tried for the crime and acquitted. The Veetul Virgine were the priestcsses of the goddess Vesta: they ministcred in her temple, and, by turns, watched the per- petual fire upon her altar night and day. Tliey wci*e bound by an oath of chastity, whosc violation was punished with death. 26. Jus fasque, human and divine law, — Postremo,/n<»% ; t. «., a shprt time before the conspiracy. 27« Cijus ; depcndent upon nihil, 28. Nubere illi, to marry him ; lit, m7 heraelf for him, as tho bride was veiled at the mairiage ccremony. G. 386, II., notc 3. 29. Privignum, a step-eon ; refemng to a son of Catiline, who would of course be her stcp-son after her marriagc. — Pro certo credl- tur, it is positively believed, though wc arc not told npon what anthority. Cicoro, howevcr, cvidently i*cfers to the same charge in thc sixth chapter of his first Oration against Catiline, where he also accuscs him of having murdered his formcr wife. — Necato fllio, by murdering his son, 30. Fccisse. Tlie subject is efim to be supplied. Obscrve the ana- coluthon. Fecisse wduld regularly have been fecit in agrccmcnt with CatiUna^ to be supplied, with which captus agrees. G. 636, IV., 6. 31. Facinoris ; t. «., the conspiracy. 32. Infestus, hostite. — Neque . . . quietibus, neither waking nor sleeping ; lit., neither by vigils nor by slumbers ; t. e,, by no means what* ®^^**- Digitizedby(^OOgle SALLUST^S CATILINE. 59 FAO« 83. Ita conBclentla Tastabat, to ttieh a de^ee did ike eenee of 8 pdU dietract» 84. Foedl, staring, wild. 85. Facie vultuque. Facies, tbo face, with apccial refcrence to the phjsical features ; vultus, the expreeeion of oountenancc. 37. JuTentuteni,fftcinora; G. 37i. 2. Sln^natores faUos, forgers; lit» falee eeakrt ; t. e., of doca- 9 aients. 6. 664, 1. — Commodare, hefumiahed ; i, e., to such as needed ihcm. 8. Habere; dependent upon imperabait^-^^PwA ubi • . . attrlve- rat . . . Imperabat, afterward^ when he had deatroyed (lit., wom away) ». . he impoeed (i. e., npon them) oiher greater eritne». 6. MlnuB suppetebat, did not preeeni itself. 6. Clrcumvenlre ; «'• e., in penon, or by the aid of bis associatci. G. 536, 1.— ScUlcet potius malus erat, he dovbtleu preferred to be had. — Ne torpescerent ; Ncgative Pnrpose. G. 497, II. 7. Gratulto, without ftope ofadvantage; {> .,even without tcmptation. 8. Amlcis; G. 425, 1, noto.->81muI quod,— et quod, 5o<A ^ eauee and becauee. 9. Aes alienum . • • Ingens; occasioned by thc cxtravagance of fhe age and the extoi-tions of Roman magistrates. 10. SuUanl milites. At the dose of the civil wars between Marius and SuUa, the latter established colonies for his soldiers in £ti*uria and othcr parts of Italj. Not a few of these colonists, having squandcred all thcy had, espoused the cause of (^atiline in the hope of new spoils and booty . ~ Larglus, too pro/veefy. 18. In extremis terris. Fompey was waging war against Mithri- dates, kiug of Pontus, and Tigranes, king of Armenia. — Ipsl; referring toCatiline.— Consulatum petentl, aa a candidatefor the conefdthip; lit, aeekingy etc. The consuls, it will be remembci^cd, were the two chief magistrates, or jointprcsidents of tbc commonwealth. 14. Nihil sane intentns, notaiaU waicJ^fuL 15. Bla, theee thinge; i. e., tho state of things just doscribed. 17. Kalendas. For Boman calcndar, see G. 642.— Caesare . • . 2onsullbus; i. «., in the year 64 B. C. See Introduction, p. 44. L. Caesar was a relative of Julius Caesar. 18. Slngulos, individuale. 20. Docere, he exAt5tVM{.— £xpIorata sunt; supply eo, the omii- ted antccedent of quae. 21. In unum convocat, he caUed together, Hist Present. In fmtim, as an advcrbial expression, means siroply together. There scems to be no necd of supplying locum. Indced, unum is probably ncutcr. 22. Necessitudo, need. -— Inerat ; applicablc to plurimum au ft igitized by ^ ~ 60 NOTES. PAO« 9 bat not to neeegaiiudo, which requires erat. Wc have here a zcugma. G. 636, II., 1. 23. Senatoiii ordinis, o/ eenatorial rafik, the highest honor of Roman nobility, inclading all those who had held either of the four highest officcs : viz., that of consnl, praetor, curule aedile, or quacstor. Ordinis, Gen. of Chai*acteristic. G. 396, V. «i— P. Lientulus. Publhis Cornclius LfCntulus, snrDamcd Sura. Hc had becn consul, but on account of his scandalous lifc he had bcen subscquentlj oxpelled from the seuatc. — A Koman citizen usually had thrce namcs: Pvbliua Comelitcs Lenitilua. Thc fii*st, or praenomen, dcsignatcd the individual; the second, or nomen, the gens or tribe ; and the thinl, or cognomen, thc family. Thus Publiua Comeliue Ijefitulua was PttbUu» of the Lentulua family of thc Comelian gens. To thcse three namcs an agttomen^ or surname, was sometimes added. Thus Sura was addcd to P. C Lentulus. The nomen was often omitted, as in most of the names hera mentioned by Sallust. Thus the nomen, Comeliue, is omitted in the names of Lentulus, Ccthcgus, and the Sullas. Sometimes, however, the nomen is rctaincd and thc cogfwmen omitted. Thus Cicero calls L. Cassius Longinus, simplj L. Cassius. Sce the Third Oration against Catiline, chap. 4. — P. Autronius. P. Auti'0- nius Faetus. Sce Introduction, p. 43. 24. Publius et Servius Sullae. Fublios Cornelius SuIIa and Senrius Cornelius SuUa, the sons of Servius Comelius SuIIa, the bi-othcr of the famous Dictator SuIU. 25. li. Vargunteius. One of the most daring of CatiIinG*s accom- plices, and one of the two who aftcrwaixl engagcd to assassinate Ciccro, the consul, in his own house. Sec p. 15, line 18. — Q. Annius. Probably Q. Annius Chilo.— M.Porcius Iiaeca. Thc conspirator at whose house Catiline and his associates met at night a short time bcfore thc discoTcry of their plans. 26. Q. Curius. Sce Introduction, p. 45.— Ex equestri ordine» of equestrian rank. This ordcr occupicd an intermediate position betwecn the senate and the plebs. It comprised wcalthy citizens who had not yet attained senatorial rank. 27« P. GabiniuB Gapito. One of the chief conspirators, called by Cicero Publius Gabinius and Cimber Gabinius.^C. Comelius. The associate of Varguntcius in the attempt to assassinate Cicero. Scc p. 1«*)» line 16. 28« Colonils et municipiis. Cohnia is a colony fonnded by Bomans, whilc mtmicipium is a municipal or frcc town, one which has i*e- ceiyed the fuU Boman franchise, but still rotains thc right of sclf-govem- tnent in all local matters. — Domi, at home ; t. e., in their own towns. 32. Quibus vivere copia erat, u>ho had the abiHty to Uve. G 633, n., 3, note 3. Digitized by LjOOQ lC 8ALLUST'8 CAllLINE. 61 84. Malebant; snpplj tt, the omitted antecedent of fmhu, 9 35. M. Uclnium Crassum. M. Licinius Craasus was a Bonuin eitizen of high rank and of immense wealth. He had distin^ished him- self in the war against Spartacus, and had held thc highest offices in tho state. Thei^e is little reason to think that he had any sympathy with the conspiracy of Catiline. 37« Ipsi, to him; t. e,, to Crassus. —C^fusTis, of ony one ; t. e., aa ft riTal of Pompcy. 1. Voluisse, that he (Crassus) wished, Vokdue depends upon crede- 10 rent aboye.— Illius; t. e.^ of Pompey. 2. Si valuisset, fore. What would this be in the Dircct Disconnc ? G. 625, 2; 523, L — Apudl iUos, omofi^ them; i,e., tho conspirators, implicd in eonjuratio. XYIII., XIX CatUine^s Earlier AUempt at Cmtpiraey^ 66 B. C. 4. Antea; t. e., twoyesrs before. 5. De qua, conceming which contpiraey, Qm rcfers to eoi^wraiio implicd in eof^furatere. 6. L. Tulio . . . consulibns ; t. e., in tho year 66 B. C. 7« P. SuUa. A kinsman of the dictator, but not to bc confonnded witli P. Sulla mcntioncd in the last chapter. He was aftcrward tricd as a conspirator, but, bcing ably defendcd by Cicero, was finally acquittcd. 8. Interrogatl, aceuaed; lit, atkedf as the defendant wasfirst asked whether he was gtdUy ov not guUty. — Poenas dederant, had auffered punishment ; lit., had given satisfaction ; t. «., to the state. They were thereby disqualificd for entering upon the dutics of the consulship to which they had been elccted. — Post paulo, a Uttle afler. Thls sentence seems to be misplaccd, as it rccords evcnts which took place in the sum- mer of 65 B. C, whilc thc scntence bcforc and the sentence after both rclate to the latter part of 66 B. C. — Pecuniarum repetundarum» of extortion; lit., of moneys to be demandedback. G. 239. 10. Quod . . . nequiverat. He could not announcc his intention {profiteiri) tobe a eandidatc whilc the indictmcnt was pending.— Intra legittmos dies ; t. «., seyenteen days before the election. 11. Cn. Piso ; t. e., Cn. Calpurnius Fiso. See Introduction, p. 43. 14. Consilio communicato, making common caute; lit., the phm having been made common. 15. Kalendis Januarils ; t. «., during the cercmonies of inaugf^ ration which took placc on the first of January. — L. Cottam, ctc. Cotta and L. Torqnatus, rival candidates of P. Autronins and P. Su were dcclai-cd consols aftcr the latter were convictcd of 4»i^be^T.( ^ooal^ 62 KOT£S. FAOS 10 16. Ipsl fiiscfbns coireptls, themaelves teiung thefasees ; t. «., fhe consular power represented by thcm. Ipsi, tbough belongiDg in scnse to the Abl. Absol., is made to agree with the leading subject. 17* Duas Hispanias; t. «., Hispaniam Citerioi^em and Hispaniam Ulteriorem. For the general facts, see Introdnction, p. 43. 19. Jam tum, even then; t. «., even at that carly date, their plan was snbstiintiaUjr the same as it was three or four jears later, when finally- exposed. 21. Qaod nl . . matarasset. The exccntion of the plan was ibrtunately fmstrated hj a mistake on tbe part of Catiline, who g^ye the signal before his accomplices were ready for action. 24. E2a res ; t. e., the mistake of Catiline in giying the signal too Boon. 25. Quaestor pro praetore, aa qtiaeetorwithpraetorianpower; i^^ as gOYemor. A praetor was a Boman oflScer next in rank to the consul, and at the expiration of his term of ofSce was usually sent out as the gOY- emor of a prorince ; t. e., pro praetore ; but that a quaestor, a much lower officer ordinarily in chai«re of the public moncy, should be thns entrusted with praetorian power» is verf remarkable. 26. Adnltente CrassOy through the influence of Crassua ; lit, CVot- ittt exerting himseif, Abl. Absol. 27« Inlmiciim. See Syn. L. C. 344. -^ Pompeio ; dcpendent npon esse to be supphed. — Tamen, yet; t. e., although one would scarce^ have expcctcd the senate to gire such power to Fiso. 28. Invitus; 6.443. 29. Bonl, the nobles. 80. Praesldinm in eo, a protection th him ; t. e., against their oi^nents, especially Pompej. aS. Snnt qui dicant; G. 603, 1.— Ita; G. 636, IIL, 7. 85. Clientes, adherents; t. e., those whom he had gathered about him in that prorince a few jears before while cngagcd in the war against Sertorius.— > Voluntate ijus, t» aecordanee ufith his (Pempey^s) wish, Observe that this is a mere rumor. 8S. Aggressos ; snpply esse. — Praeterea, ezeept in this instaneef lit, hesides this. 11 1. In medio, unsettled; Kt» m the middle. XX.-XXm. Movements of tke Conspirators from the early part ofJune^ 64 B. (7., to the Conmlar Election of tkat year. 8. Panlo ante; i. e., in ehapter 17. Sallust resumes thc narratiTe intcrmpted by the digressiott conti^ned in chaptcrs 18 '^^^oqIp SALLUST^S CATiLnns. 63 PAOI 4. Ciim singttUfl, wilh them ituUviduaiiif. 11 5. In rem, to tke purpo§e, — UnlTeraoB, them eoUectiveijf. 6. Aedium. Force of the plaral ? G. 132. 8. Niforent,cecidl88et; 6.610. — Spectotamilii, l«t<Mi6ym«; h.t.jVieti>edandheneeknowntome, 6. 439, 2.-*Nequlqimm,ftiistr». See Sjn.t L. C. 338. 9. In manibus, coimtrne with dominatio, sovereiffn power (alreftdy) tn ovr hands; i, «., not merely hopee (spca magna). With this interpre- tation the predicate iMfiuetrafuiseent, 11. Incerta . • . captarem, grasp ai what it uneertain in plaee of what ia eertain ; u «., imperil all tfaat I have in grasping at ancertainties. 12. Tempestatlbiu, emergencies. G. 429. 13. Eo . • • simul qnia, e(» this aecomit, . . . and also heeause* G. 416. 14. Vobls . . . bona malaqne eese; t. «., that yon have the nme intercsts as I. 15. Ea demum, this indeed. Ea^ attracted fVom id^ to agree with amieitia, is in apposition with idem veUe • . • noOe, tho subject of esL G.363,5; 445,4. 17. jyivenU separatefy, 18. Milii animus, my mind, Mihi is Indircct Object of aeeenditur^ but it is not best to rendcr literally. 19. Futura sit ; G. 529, 1. — Nisi . • . in libertatem, ifwe do not oursehes restore ourselves to Uherty, 21. Jus atque*dicionem,^M(itcfto» and eontroL 22. Illis ; t. e., paucis potentibns. — Vectlgales, fnfttitefy.— Esse ; Hist Infin. 24. Vulgus fUimus, have been the rabble ; t. «., so treated. 25. Quibus formidini, G. 390. — Valeret, was inforee. 28. Quousque tandem, how long,pray. This idiomatic use ottan' dem — indeedj pray — is not uncommon. 29. Per viirtutem, bravely, 30. Ubi alienae . . . fkieris, in whieh you have been the sport of the insolence of others, Observe the force of the person in fueria. G. 460, 1, note 2. 32. Verum enimvero, but indeed. There is an ellipsis in the Latin after verum. Thus : biU (this nced not be) for indeed. In English wo necd not supply tfae cUipsis. — Pro deum . • . fidem ; G. 381. Pro is an intcijection ; deum for deorum. 33. In manu nobis est, is in our hands ; lit., is to us in hand. G. 387. 34. Consenuemnt, have become enfeebled, 35. Inc^to; G. 414, IV.^Getera res expedlet; ^(^^|p 64 KOTBS. 1 1 take eetre qfii$eff; i. e., if we only make a bcginiiing. Otbcrs makc cetera the object of expedtet, — Etenim, etc., and indeed^and we bavc eyeiy indacement to begin,/or, etc 86. Illis superare, that they ehould have in abundanee. JBis, In- direct Object ofauperaref abound to tbem. 87. Quas proAindant; Subj. of Farposc. G. 497. — Extruden- do . • . coaequandlft. See notes on aubvereos and eanstraia, p. 7, lines 26 and 27. 12 3. liarem famiUarem, home ; lit., househM god. -— Quum, ufhik, The idea of conccssion is inTolTcd, bat that of time ia made more promi- nent. Hence the Indicatiye in emunt, ctc. 4. Xova; ». e,, evcn new buildings. .5. Trahunt, squander, 6. Summa libidine, withtheir greatest extravagance; lit, desire*'^ Vinoere, to exhaiust ; lit, to eonquer; a militaiy term. 8. Quid reliqui, etc., what have we left ; lit, ofleft. 10. Quin s qui (for quo) and ne, why not ! 11. In oculifl, hefore our eyes; lit, in; t. e., m or wUhin their range of vision. 14. Imperatore, as eommander; Pred. Abl. with me, depenaent npon uteminu 6. 962 ; 421, 1. 16. Consul, as consul. He hopes soon to bc elccted. — A^m, Iwill aeeomplish. — Nisi me • • • falllt, tmleu I am mistaken; t. e., in my expcctations in regai*d to you. 20. Res, property, 21. Quieta movere . . . videbatur, to disturb the pea^se seemed a great reward ; i, «., of itsclf. Merces is a reward for serrice rendered, 'whU.e pretium is the price, as of an arUcle of merchandisc. 22. Quaeforet; 6. 529, L— Condiciobelli,<A«<mM ofthewar. 23. Ubique«et ubi, and where. 24. Tabulas novas, new aceounts; t. e., a rcdnction of thcir in- debtedncss. Laws were sometimes passcd reducing all dcbts in a uniform ratio, as by one-fourth or one-half. The Yalerian Law, enactcd in the year 86 B. C, reduccd all debts to one-fonrth of thcir pi-cvious amount. The debts thus rcduced were entered upon ncw tables {tabulae novae), Catiline promised his followers such a rclief ftx>m the weight of indebted- ness with which so many of thcm were OTcrwhelmcd. — Proscriptionem, proscription ; originally the act of adTcrtising property for sale, after- ward the act of inserting names in the list of those who were doomed todeath. 26. Fert, hring with them. 27. Esse; supply a Tcrb of saying implied inpo^tcert. 28. P. Sittium. Publius Sittius, of Nuccria in Campania, here Digitized by LjOOQ lC 6ALLUST'S catiline. 65 rAOB represcnted as a partisan of Catiline, is incidentanj defended by Ciccro 19 in the oration Pro Sulla. — Partlelpes ; in apposition with PUcnem and SUHwn. G.364. 29. C. Antonium. Gains Antonins, ailerward the coHeagne of Ciccro in thc consnlship. See Introdnction, p. 44^ 81. ClrcumTentum, encompatsed^—ItdtAmn . . • flMs tuni in, tDOuld hegin ihe work. Snpply e$§e. 83. Allum egrestatls ; 6. 409. 85. Quibus praedae; 6. 390. — Ea, ii; t*. e., the yictoiy of SnOa. See note on dominaiionem SuUae, p. 8, line 27. 87. Ut liaberent; Pnrpoae.— Petttlonem, emuUdahare ; t. «., for fhe consnlahip. 2. Populares . . . sul, hie eonfedemiee tn erime ; lit., of hxe «picifc- It edneee, 8. Humani • . . sangninem, etc. This is fortnnately pretented as a mere mmor. 4. Inde, ofii, rcferring: to aangiuniem tino permixium. 5. Fieri consuevit, ia etutomaryt ia woni io be done ; impcrsonaL 6. Quo forent; 6. 497, IL ; 497, II., 2. 7. Alius alU, one to anoiher. Aiiua is in paititiTC apposition with the snbject otforeni, with which eonaeii agrees.— AUi fiicinorifl; G. 399, L, 3, note 1. 8. Ficta; supply eaae. 9. Ciceronifl inTfdiam, ihe unpoputariiff of Cieero, who was con> sul when the conspiracj wos discovered. Ho afterward becamo yer^ nnpopnlar because of the part which he took in the execution of fiTc of the lcadin^ conspirators. 11. Nobifl, in my judgmenl; lit., to me.~Pro magnltndlne, in view ofita importance ; t. e., so gravo a chai^ge rcqnires strongcr proois. 18. lioco, atation. G. 425, IL, I. 14. Senatu . . . moverant, had expelledfrom ihe aenaie, hecauae tfhia acanda/oua Ufe. G. 414, II. 15. Vanitas, indiaeretion; lit, empHneaa, — Beticere; Hist Infin. 16. Suamet, hia oton. G. 185, noto 2. 17. Neque dicere, etc, hedid not eare either whai he aaid or what he did. Dicere and facere are thc objects of habebat, quicguam predicate Acc., and penai partitive Gen. 18. Stupri consuetudo, iUicU iwHmaey. 19. Cm, fo her. G. 391. 20. Maria montesque; nsed metaphoricallj for great things, fbr extraTagant promiscs. PolUeeor is to promiae or offer of onc*s own frco- wiU, while promitio is to promiae at the request of another. 21. Minari ferro, threatened herwUh death, rcferrin^ ^ ^H^fp 66 KOTES. FAOB IS flcriptions which woold foUow the succcas of Catiliiie. — Ni • • • fOTOt» ifahe ioould noi be ohUging, This is Indirect Diacourse depcnding upon an hiatorical tense of a Ycrb of saying implied in imitor». Hence fonL Imp. Subj. ; G. 493, 1. 24. Haud . . . liabult, did not keep a«ere<. — Sublato auctorei wUhout naming her informani, 25. Quae quoque modo, what and in what manner, 26^ Ad . . . mandandum, to intruti the eoneuU/up, 6. 542, III. 28. Invldlaae8tuabat,«H»/iir»<Kw/roi»/sa/btMy. — Aestuabat» credebant. Noticc the change of number. G. 461, 1, note 2. 29. Homo novus, a tiew man; t. «., one whose ancestors had nerer held any of the higher public officcs. 81. Post ftiere, were eubordinate; i,e,, to considerations of safety. XXIV. -XXVI. Movermnts of the ConspiratOTB from the Co?i8ular Election of64 B. C. to that ofOS B. C. 82. ComitUs babitis, after ihe eomitia were held. 34. Ck>ncusserat. Obsenre the force of the tcnsc to denote com- plcted action at the time of minuebaiur, 86. liocis; G. 425, II., 1.— Sna fide . . . mutuam, hired on hie own eredit, 37. Manlium. See Introduction, p. 44. 14 1. Princeps belli fiiciundi, the firat to begin the war; lit, of the war to be waged. 3. Ingentes sumptus toleraverant, had bome great expenaes. 4. Tantum modo . . . luxuriae, only to their gains^ but not (neque) to their tuxurioua habiis. G. 384, IL 6. ServiUa, the alaves, 9 . Sempronia. The wife of D. Junios Bmtus, and the mother of D. Jnnius Brutus Albinus, one of the assassins of Caesar. 10. Genere . . . forma, in family and in peraonal beaiutg. She belonged to the famous Comelian gens. 12. Docta; modified, 1) by the Abl. Utteria; 2) by the Infin. paaUere, etc. ; and 3) bj the Acc. aUa. G. 374, 2, note 2. 13. Probae, for a reapectable woman, Skill in dancing was not re* gardod as a propcr accomplishment for a respectable My, 16. Dlscemeres ; G. 485, note 1. 17. Creditum abjuraverat, hadforawom a iruai ; rcfcrring prob* aUy to money intrusted to her. Among the Bomans moncTS were often thus intnisted to the carc of friends. 18. Praeceps abierat, had gone headlong; i, e., into ruin. 19. Absurdum, eontemptible. — Jocum movere, toraiae a hi^h Digitized by CjOOQIc SALLU6T'8 CATHJNE. 67 rAOs 22. In proTimnm asammtfor the n6xt ytar ; i. e., 62 B. C. 14 283. Si . . . Ibret, if he shauU he eieeied» Fat Perfoct in Uie Diroct Diwoarse. 6.625,2. 24. Ex volantate, tu he pUaud; lit, md of (acconling to) hu (Catilinc'8) deaire. 26. Illi, io him ; t. «., to Cicero. 28. Ut proderet; Object CImuc. G. 496, 11. 29. Sibi, to him; i. e^ to Cicero. 80. Paetione provlneiae; i. e., by excbanginsr prorinces witb bia colleague, referring to the proyinces of which tbcy wero to be gOTernors at tbe expiration of their tcrm of uffice. Ciccro bad obtained bj lot tho rich prorince of Macedonia, wbich he tranaferrcd to Antony in exchange for Cisalpine Gaul, of comparatively littlo valuo. See Introduction, p. 44. 83« IMes comitlomm. Tbe election had been dcferred to the 28th of October. Catiline was again defeated. 84. In campo; i. «., in the Campos Martins, whero the elections wero held. XXVn. — ^XXX. JUUitary Preparationa. Attempt upon the Life of Cicero, Action of the Senate. 87. Ig:itnr C. Manlium Faesulas, etc. Tbcre seems to bc some little confnsion in Sallusfs account, as in cbap. 24 Manlius is alreadj at Faesulac, and iu chap. 30 hc is said to have takcn up arms on the 27th of Octobcr; i. e., on the day before tbo election. 8. Quem ubique, etc., each one to the plaee where he thoughi, etc. ; Ig lit., whom and where, etc. 4. Romae, at Rome. 6. 425, 11. 6. Cum telo esse, toerU armed; lit., wa» vnth a tMopon. — Jubere ; snpply cum telis eaae, 7. Festlnare, he wae buay» 8. Multa agitanti, while aitempting manp thinga. Supplj t^', re- ferring to Catiline. O. Intempesta nocte, laie at night ; on thc night aftcr the 5th of Kovember. See Introdnction, p. 45. This meeting sbould not have bcen mentioned hcro, but in chap. 31. SaUust is not vcry accurate in his chro- notogj. 10. Penes . . . Laeeam, at the houae of Laeca; lit., lot^A, ote. 12. Faraverat. Observe the force of the Indicative. G. 524, 2, 2). 15. Oppressisset; from tho Fut. Ferfect of tho Dircct DiscouiiM. G. 525, 2. ~ Consiliis ; Indiroct Object of ofieere. 19« Salutatum; G. 546. Boman magistrates, and othor dirtin^Tp 68 NOTE8. PAOB 15 gnished citizens, were in tfae habit of receiTing Tints 8t • Teiy early hooi^ especially from their clients. 23. Janua prohibitL The gate was closed againstthem. Jamuif Abl. of Means. 26. Novamm rerum, revoUaion. 6. 399. 27. Sullae dominatione. Salla had confiscated their proper^. 28. Ijatrones; object of aoUieUare, 29. SuUanis coloniis. See note on SMmi milites, p. 9, line 10. •^Quibus; Indirect Objcct of /ee«rof. 80. Reliqui fecerat, had left, See note on nihil reliqui feeere, p. 7f line 6. 81. Anciplti malo, a douUe danger; lit, evil; u e., from the con. ■pirators within the city and from a hostile army withoat. 82. Privato consilio ; t . e., tmaided by the senate. 84« Quo consilio, fohat were ite intenUons; lit., wiih what purpoee; Abl. of Characteristic 6. 419, II. — Compertum habebat, had aecer^ tained. Compertum is in the Acc neoter, and agrees with the clause exercitue ManUi . . .foret.^AA senatum refert; the nsual technical expression for the action of the consul in bringing a subject to the notice of the senate. 86. In atroci negotlo, in a eaae of greatperiL — Solet; suppljr Jleri. 87. Darent operam, ctc. By snch a decrce, passed only in times of great public pcril, cxtraordinanr powers were conferred upon the con- suls. SaUasfs chronology is again at fanlt. The decrec in qucstion was passed at an earlicr mceting of thc scnatc, on the 21st of Octobcr. Sce Introduction, p. 45. Darent; Object Clause, ut omitted. G. 496^ I.; 499, 2. — Quid detrimenti ; 6. 397, 3. 16 !• Ela potestas maxima permittitur, this is the greatest potcer intrusted ; lit, this greatest power is intrusted» 2. Bzercitum parare, etc. ; the subject of permittitur, to be snp» plied. 4. Imperlum . • . summum, nqireme power, miUtary andjudicial. 6. Xullius earum . . . est, ihe eonsul .has not the right to do ang one of these things. This gcneral statement requiros qualiiication, as the consul abroad {miHtiae) was cntitlcd to tho imperium by virtuc of his office. 7. Tiitteras recitavit, read a letter ; 6. 132. — Faesulis ; 6. 425, n. — AU%tas ; supplj esse. 8. Scriptum erat. The snbject is the cUnse C. ManHtim . . . No» vembres. 9. Ante diem . . . Novembres, on the sixth day before the Cdlends ^ Novcmber ; i. e., on tUo 27th of Octobcr. For thc mcthpd of obtainlng Digitized by LjOOQ lC 8ALLU8T'S catiline. 69 the English datc, aee 6. 644, II. Anie ditm Mxtum Kakndtu «■ die sexto l^ ante Kulendas, on ihe tixth day hefore^ eto. G. 642, III., 8. But the wbole exprcasion maj be regarded as aa indedinable noun in the Ablatire of Time. 6. 642, III., 4 ; 429. — NoTembres ; atUectiTe agrceing with Kalendtu. G.642,m.,2. 10. Id quod solet, (te ia cammon ; lit., that whieh is woni. 6. 445, 7. 11. Arma portarl ; t. e., to conTenicnt places for fntiire nse ; though the meaning may be that arma are earried; t. e., that men go armed. — Capuae, in Apulia. ExpUindiflferenceof construction. G.425,I.andIL 12. Senati; G. 119,3. 13. Faesulas, tnApuliam; G.380,U.; 380,1. 14. Circumque loca, and the narrounding plaeeg, Loea depends npon in. — Ad urbem, near the city. Tbejr had jnst retumed ytctorions fh>m their provinces — Marcius from Cilicia, Metellns from Crete—and had asked from the senate the honor of a triumph. Thej wcre forbidden bv law to enter the city until tho question was decidcd. 15. Imperatores ; t. «., in the capacity of eommandera. They stiU rctained the imperium, — Calumnla, hy the initriguea, 16. Omnia Tendere; subject of eroL 18. Permissum ; supplj e»t* — Uti compararent ; G. 601, 1., 1. 21. Sestertla centum, a hundred aestertia; a little more than $4,000. 22. Impunitatem cJub rei, impunityfor tkie crime; t. «., for par- ticipation in thc conspirac}'. 23.GIadiatoriaefiuniliae,eom^ttiV#of^/brfMi^or<. Thcgladiators wero trained in schools, or companies, to which the namcyamt/ui was ap- plicd. — Capuam; Limit of Motion depending upon distrUnierentur, 24. Pro . • . opibus, according to the ability of eaeh; t. e., of each town. 25. Minores magistratuB ; consuls, praetors, and censors, were called majorea magiatratua; all others, as acdilcs, trihuncs, quaestors,ctc., induding the trea viti capitalea, and the trea tiri nocturni wero called minorea magiatratua, The trea viri eapitalea and thc trea tiri noctumi had chorgc of the city police, and are probably hcre meant. XXXI., XXXII. Cicero*8 JFirst Oration against Catiline. Scene in the Senate. Catiline leaves the City, 29. Diutuma quies ; a period of nearly twenty yea,n, since tho Civil War of Marius and Sulla. Indced, no foreign foc had approachod Bomc for nearly 150 years. 30. Festinare, trepidare, etc Hist. Infinitives. 32. Qulbus ; construe with inecaaerai. Digitized byGoogle 70 NOTES. 16 83* Masnltadiite ; constnie with tn«o/»^. Tbe greatness of the republic bad protected them. — Timor. See Sy n. L. C. 305. — Insolltiis incesserat, had rarely eome; lit., wmuuoI had come, JniolUus agrees with tifHor, 35. Rog:ltare, aaked queeiions eorUinualfy, 86. Sibi; 6.384. 17 !• liege Plautia; a law proyidins: for the pnnisbment of all dis- tnrbers of tbe public pcace. — Interrogatiis erat. Sce note on interro» ffoti, p. 10, line 8. 8. Sicuti . . . foret; G. 613, II. 5. Orationem ; the first ag^ust Catiline. For particnlars, see In- troduction, p. 45. 6. Scriptam edidit; 6. 549, 5. 9. Ea familia, from auch a family. G. 415, II.— Ortam»J» ortum esse. 10* Ut in 8pe haberet, tfuU he had reason to hopefor. 11. Ne existimarent. Subj. fram tbe Impcrative of tbe Direct Discourse. G. 523, III. — Sibi perdita . . . opus esse, that he had any need of ruining the republie ; liL, ofa rvined repubUe. G. 414, IV ., note 2 ; 649, 5, note 2. 14. Inquilinus, of foreign birth; a term most u^jasUy applicd to Cicero, as Arpinumf bis native town, csjoyed all the rigbts of Boman citizcnsbip. 15. Hostem vocare, caUed him an enemy. 18. Ruina, by a yenertU deatruction. 19. Ex curia, /rom ihe Senaie, On tbis occasion tbc scnate mct in thc temple of Jupiter Stator, tbougb it ordinarily met in the Curia Hostilia, which stood on the noi-thcrn sidc of tbe Forum.— Domum ; Gi 380, II., 2. 20. Consuli ; Indirect Objcct of procedebant, 22. Optimum ; agrecing with exercitum augere. — Factu ; G. 547. 23. Legiones; refcrringto tbe lcvies to be madc by Q. Pompeius and Q. Hctcllus. Sce cbap. 30. 27. Confirment; SubjunctiTe in an Objcct Clause; ut omitted. 29. Accessurum ; supply eaee. Tbis infinitive depends upon averb of sajring implicd in mandat ; G. 523, 1., note. XXXIII. — XXXV. Hepresentatiom of MarUifis and CatUine in regard to their Movements. 85. Qui. Tbe antecedent is implied in nosira. G. 445, 6. — Gm« delitate faeneratorum. Tbe rapacity of the Boman money-lenders is generaUy admitted. 86. Patriae, foma; both dependent npon erpert^; tho Genitivc is rperf^; thcGenitivc Digitized by LjOOQK SALLUST^S CATHJNE. 71 PAOB the nsital constroction ailer experUSf bnt thc Ablatiyc is not nncommon 1 7 in the eariier Latin. G. 399, L, 3 ; 414, III. 1. Lege uti, io amil hitMelf of ihe law; i. €., of ihe lex Poetelia ei \% Papiriay whicb forbade imprisonment for dcbL 2. Praetorlfl ; t. «., of the Praeior vrbamte^ bcfore wbom snits against dcbtors were brought 4. Decretls . . . opitulatl Bunt. Under the old Roman law the lower classes were mnch oppressed, and the debtor was absolutcly at the mercy of the creditor. DecretU here refers to the laws cnacted from time to time for the relief of the poor. 6. Bonls, ihe nobUe. This statement, that all the nobles assented coixlially to this change, reqnires qualification. — Argentum aere, etc. ; i. e.f debts contracted in silvcr werc paid in copper. This was done nnder the Valerian law passed 86 B. C. {novieeime memoria noetra), which pro- Tided tbat debts might be canoelled by the pajrment of one fourth of the amount (twenty-fiTC ccnts on the doUar). Thus the copper Of was paid in place of the sHTer eeetertiua, which had four times its Talue. See also note on tahulat novae, p. 12, line 24.— Saepe plebes secessit. The last and most important of these secessions occurred in the year 287 B. C, and resnlted in the enactmcnt of tbe Hortensian law, which gaTe Talidity to the decrces of iheplebe, 12. Ck>n8ulatls; Subj. of Pnrpose; tU omitted. 14. Quonam modo, etc, howtve may eell ourliveemoetdearly; Ut, mayperieh having moetfitlly avenged our biood» 17. Discedant. Snbj. from the ImperatiTC of thc Direct Disconrse* ' 18. Mansuetudine; Abl. of Characteristic. 21. Ex itinere, on ihe road; lit, /rom, out qf. 22. Optimo culque, to aU ihe moet distinguiehed, 6. 458, 1. 24. Xon quo esset; G. 516, II., 2. 27. Q. Catulus. Q. Lutatius Catulns, thc most illustrions of the senstorial porty, princepe eenaiua.